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Here is an alternative to the Simple Picture and the story about intention we were just telling ...
 
Start with a simple history ... this might explain why you press a button now.
 
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I set things up so that it works like this ...
 
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Your learning goes like this ...
 
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Now suppose I train you with just one button.
 
One interesting thing here is that, after training, you will continue pushing that green button.
 
Even if I fill you with chocolate so that you do not want more, you will likely continue to push the green button.
 
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may be rewarding; if it is ...
 
When the action is performed in the presence of the simulus, the connection is strengthened (or ‘reinforced’) if the action is rewarded.
 
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If the connection is strong enough, the presence of the stimulus will cause the action to occur.
 
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Let’s check we all understand the key terms here.
 
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Action may be a complex, coordinated instrumental action, such as pressing a lever.
 
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So I am going to try to show that it can be habitual processes, not just intentions.
 
On the face of it this may be puzzling given that I have been emphasizing that, in the case of habitual processes, the outcome only matters because it generates a history of rewards.
 
It is the stimulus–action link that matters for habitual processes, not any intention about an outcomes.
 
So how could the action be directed to a particular outcome in virtue of an habitual process?
 
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Can make it a bit more intuitive by returning to an action that is clearly instrumental.
 
Snack machine from earlier: example of instrument action was pressing a lever to get a snack.
 
Now I want to say that this kind of behaviour can be explained in humans by habitual processes. We will see evidence concerning this next week.
 
An instrumental action is an action that happens in order to bring about an outcome.
 

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